Visualization of Polyhedra with Virtual Reality (VR) in A-frame
author: Paulo Henrique Siqueira - Universidade Federal do Paraná
contact: paulohscwb@gmail.com
versão em português
Dragon fractals of non-convex polyhedra
The dragon curve belongs to the family of self-similar fractal curves, which can be approximated by recursive methods. The dragon curve is probably most commonly thought of as the shape that is generated from a strip of paper repeatedly folded in half.
This work shows non-convex polyhedra forming dragon fractals, modeled for visualization in Virtual Reality.


3D models
1. Iris octagonal antitoroid
Applying the construction principle of the dragon curve with the Iris octagonal antitoroid, we obtain an iris octagonal antitoroid dragon fractal. In the first order of construction of the fractal, we construct two new iris octagonal antitoroids corresponding to one original polyhedron. In this example, we have solid representations in orders from 0 to 10.
2. Escher solid
3. Great disdyakis dodecahedron
Great disdyakis dodecahedron dragon fractal.
4. Great dodecahedron
Great dodecahedron dragon fractal.
5. Great icosahedron
Great icosahedron dragon fractal.
6. Great pentakis dodecahedron
Great pentakis dodecahedron dragon fractal.
7. Great rhombic triacontahedron
Great rhombic triacontahedron dragon fractal.
8. Great stellapentakis dodecahedron
Great stellapentakis dodecahedron dragon fractal.
9. Great stellated dodecahedron
Great stellated dodecahedron dragon fractal.
10. Great triakis icosahedron
Great triakis icosahedron dragon fractal.
11. Great triakis octahedron
Great triakis octahedron dragon fractal.
12. Heptagrammic dipyramid
Heptagrammic dipyramid dragon fractal.
13. Hexagonal antiprism trapezohedron toroid
Hexagonal antiprism trapezohedron toroid dragon fractal.
14. Hexagonal trapezohedron antiprism toroid
Hexagonal trapezohedron antiprism toroid dragon fractal.
15. Truncated great icosahedron
Truncated great icosahedron dragon fractal.
16. Hexagonal trapezohedron toroid
Hexagonal trapezohedron toroid dragon fractal.
17. Icosidodecadodecahedron
Icosidodecadodecahedron dragon fractal.
18. Medial inverted pentagonal hexecontahedron
Medial inverted pentagonal hexecontahedron dragon fractal.
19. Medial rhombic triacontahedron
Medial rhombic triacontahedron dragon fractal.
20. Medial triambic icosahedron
Medial triambic icosahedron dragon fractal.
21. Small stellated dodecahedron
Small stellated dodecahedron dragon fractal.
22. Regular tetragonal toroid
Regular tetragonal toroid dragon fractal.
23. Rhombicosacron
Rhombicosacron dragon fractal.
24. Rhombicosahedron
Rhombicosahedron dragon fractal.
25. Small ditrigonal dodecacronic hexecontahedron
Small ditrigonal dodecacronic hexecontahedron dragon fractal.
26. Small hexacronic icositetrahedron
Small hexacronic icositetrahedron dragon fractal.
27. Small rhombidodecacron
Small rhombidodecacron dragon fractal.
28. Cubitruncated cuboctahedron
Cubitruncated cuboctahedron dragon fractal.
29. Great cubicuboctahedron
Great cubicuboctahedron dragon fractal.
30. Great dirhombicosidodecacron
Great dirhombicosidodecacron dragon fractal.
31. Great dodecahemidodecacron
Great dodecahemidodecacron dragon fractal.
32. Great dodecicosacron
Great dodecicosacron dragon fractal.
33. Great rhombihexahedron
Great rhombihexahedron dragon fractal.
34. Great truncated cuboctahedron
Great truncated cuboctahedron dragon fractal.
35. Jessens orthogonal icosahedron
Jessens orthogonal icosahedron dragon fractal.
36. Hexagonal tetragonal stellated toroid
Hexagonal tetragonal stellated toroid dragon fractal.
37. Octagonal tetragonal stellated toroid
Octagonal tetragonal stellated toroid dragon fractal.
38. Decagonal tetragonal stellated toroid
Decagonal tetragonal stellated toroid dragon fractal.
39. Enneagonal tetragonal stellated toroid
Enneagonal tetragonal stellated toroid dragon fractal.
40. Heptagonal tetragonal stellated toroid
Heptagonal tetragonal stellated toroid dragon fractal.
41. Tetragonal regular toroid
Tetragonal regular toroid dragon fractal.
42. Hexagonal toroid
Hexagonal toroid dragon fractal.
43. Hexagonal toroid
Hexagonal toroid dragon fractal.
44. Hexagonal toroid
Hexagonal toroid dragon fractal.
45. Hexagonal toroid
Hexagonal toroid dragon fractal.
46. Hexagonal toroid
Hexagonal toroid dragon fractal.
47. Hexagonal toroid
Hexagonal toroid dragon fractal.
48. Hexagonal toroid
Hexagonal toroid dragon fractal.
49. Hexagonal toroid
Hexagonal toroid dragon fractal.

Dragon fractals of non-convex polyhedra: visualization with Virtual Reality by Paulo Henrique Siqueira is licensed with a license Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International.
How to cite this work:
Siqueira, P.H., "Dragon fractals of non-convex polyhedra: visualization with Virtual Reality". Available in: <https://paulohscwb.github.io/polyhedra3/dragon-nonconvex/>, November 2025.
References:
Weisstein, Eric W. “Archimedean Solid” From MathWorld-A Wolfram Web Resource. http://mathworld.wolfram.com/ArchimedeanSolid.html
McCooey, D. I. “Visual Polyhedra”. http://dmccooey.com/polyhedra/
